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Gold cyanidation is a metallurgical technique for extracting gold from ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble complex via cyanide. This method has been the most commonly used for gold extraction for over a century due to its simplicity and high gold recovery rate.
However, the environmental impact of cyanidation is severe, as cyanide spills into the natural environment can cause significant harm to biological systems. Cyanide spills can devastate rivers, sometimes killing all downstream life for miles. Humans can lose consciousness within a minute after ingesting only 100-300 mg of sodium cyanide. Due to the high toxicity of cyanide, this method is highly controversial and has been banned or restricted in an increasing number of countries.
As a result of using such a toxic substance, gold mining companies incur substantial costs related to the approval, transportation, storage, and disposal of cyanide-containing waste. With the global gold industry's growing emphasis on green development, traditional gold mining enterprises face increasing environmental pressures.
These incidents highlight the environmental risks and economic damage associated with cyanide use in gold mining. With increasing environmental regulations, non-cyanide eco-friendly gold lixiviant technologies are gaining attention and development, though their widespread application in Papua New Guinea has yet to unfold.
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